The American Of American History Essay - 1523 Words

Throughout the course of American history, the usage of gangs has always been embedded in the striving desire to be rebel, such as defeating the overhanging stature of the British empire. However as the 13 colonies formed a colonial gang in an effort to eliminate British influence in America, the definition of the word gang has transformed into an entirely different meaning. One common definition of a gang is a group of three or more individuals who engage in criminal activity and identify themselves with a common name or sign.This more sinister transformation of the word gang, has become the leading sovereignty against the fight for justice. These new evil gangs have also played an integral role in American history as well with great historical mob-bosses of Al Capone, Carlo Gambino, and Albert Anastasia. These ruthless gangsters resound in history because of their despicable acts and live in utter infamy. The precedents that these grave gangsters had set for the future generations of criminals, did not fail to live up to expectations. Modern gangs now in America are sprinkled all across the borders of the United States, ranging from each state and city to national street gangs, local street gangs, prison gangs, motorcycle gangs, ethnic, and organized crime gangs. American gangs are responsible for an average of 48% of violent crime in most jurisdictions, and up to 90% in other jurisdictions. Major urban areas and their suburban surroundings experience the majority of gangShow MoreRelatedThe American Of American History1199 Words   |  5 PagesSpain; and before there was Boston, Mass., there was Santa Fe, N.M. The teaching of American history generally highlights the establishment and development of the British colonies in North America, their appearance as an independent nation in 1776, and the change of the United States from east to west. 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Stress and Negativity in Our Human Minds Free Essays

SPC Mattadeen, Judy Corine Ms. Alexa Fernandez Effective Essay Writing January 26, 2010 STRESS AND NEGATIVITY IN OUR HUMAN MINDS Introduction Eliminating stress and negativity is the most important factor in our human minds. In general it is so powerful we almost feel like we can’t cope with it. We will write a custom essay sample on Stress and Negativity in Our Human Minds or any similar topic only for you Order Now Finding ways to fight stress and negativity is crucial to not only handle the ways of life but to really live a happier and more meaningful life. Stress and negativity is not a new agenda or a phenomenon. It has been a huge experience in mankind throughout history. These feelings accumulate in our lives and in our soul over time. Although sometimes these experiences are unavoidable. There are ways that can be done to help go through the process of eliminating stress and negativity and feeding our human minds with a good and positive outlook in life. Having a positive mentality and eliminating the negativity of stress in ourselves is not going to just fall upon us. It’s really a choice we have to make. Being positive doesn’t necessarily come naturally. It’s our decision that we have to make daily. Is stress an enemy to us human beings? Of course it is because you deal with so much negative energy. That alone merges to different type of problems that we encounter in our daily lifestyle. Be at work or at home, thus this type of emotions is everywhere. Now it is up to us on how we handle the situation that can either make us or one way to break us. We make the choice. (Melinda Smith, M. A. , Ellen Jaffe-Gill, M. A, Robert Segal M. A. 2008) (http://helpguide. org/mental/stress_management_relief_coping. htm) Stress and negative feelings The stress of always feeling bad can lead to deep depression and medical disorder. Our body and our mind are a continuum. In other words focusing too much on being angry, fear or having fear of failure is one of the contributing factor of self destruction and having such failure in achieving such goals that we human want in life. We can control all the stress and negativity we encounter by means of responding to new challenges by telling ourselves that we are capable of facing our fears and doing what is right. All this is a way of eliminating such negative thoughts and a turnaround of a positive spin. That is a good start of leading a better life. Visualization, this technique can be achieved by means of installing positive expectations and believe that we can do it. Therefore if we literally eliminate the old feelings and shadow it with the new and positive ways. We can achieve a good and healthy mind and soul. We are not meant to live a miserable and unfulfilled life. When we discover the path of visualizing what we really want to achieve in life. Then we can discover and start working in some realm associated with a positive attitude not negative and we all will thrive to the fullest of success. Critical thinking Whenever we tend to catch ourselves being critical or even having a negative thought in mind is very stressful. Thinking negative of another person, circumstances or anything that can lead a negative reaction is a challenge. Make it a priority also to keep your well pure. If somehow in some points you’re being or if somebody is being critical of you or trying to lead you in a bad light. Recognize that there is a stone coming your way. We don’t need to dwell on it, or get upset and vengeful. When these stages occur the best thing to do is pull ourselves back and have this inner question â€Å"Can I take up such challenge to control myself†? One way to look at our level in coping with these feelings is our human emotions. Our body alone is like a bucket of energy where we store pure energy alone. May it be negative or positive. We might want to declutter our world by human cleanse also. By means of letting your choice reflect your taste. Whether you let the stress and negative thoughts handle your life or fight the biggest fight. Motivation is one of the best key in life. Surrounding ourselves with positive individuals will help us move on to the right track. Keep pressing forward. The key to rising higher is to keep looking to where you want to go. Keep a positive vision and see yourself accomplishing your goals and fulfilling your destiny. Meditation Relax and take a deep breath. Always let in a positive spirit to avoid negative thoughts. Personal power, acceptance, and inner love will help restore our boundaries to normal settings. Maintaining all these positive factors are guides us in removing old baggage and replacing it with the good ones. Let in a higher power. The answer to this is simply having God in our hearts. Let our choice reflect our taste and by then when we have that higher power restored in our souls. We are on the right track. We all need to get in peace of who we really are. Dwell only on the positive, empowering thoughts towards ourselves. That’s when we realize that our faith is energized. Prayers are the best medicine in our everyday routine in life. Health and well being Maintaining a good and healthy balance mind and body will lead us to fight all the stress and unwanted negative that surrounds us in our daily lives. Exercise is also the best key. It releases such tension in due time and provides us with energy to handle anything that may come our way. One way also to eliminate stress and negativity is managing our time wisely. We must always find a way to have our own me time. Have a habit of writing everything down on paper on what to do, where to go, what else needs to be done or etc. is a good way of managing your time wisely. Handle important task first and eliminate unessential task. Exercise and eating right is also a good factor in eliminating stress and the entire negative that surrounds us. If we are fit, and nothing else is really seriously wrong in our lives, than we can probably manage a fair amount of frustration, delay, unfairness, misfortune in whatever form. Surrender and let in Instead of fighting and feeling negative about your thoughts that can lead to stress. Surrender to them and you will see that the negative feelings will quickly eliminate and lose its power over our human minds. When we are in a world of so much stress fight it by accepting it and try not to think too deep into it. Cause in some points there are stressors that are really not even meant to be paid attention too at all. We should always observe the feeling in our mind and body without labeling or either judging it by all means. Self confidence is also one of the best tools for us to use to reach our goals and be happy in life. There is always room for improvement with our inner feelings to avoid accumulating stress by means of having faith in everything we do and encounter. Be realistic about life alone. Set realistic goals. Ask yourself questions before we even execute. Think positive thoughts. Know what you want and do what is right. Nobody can hold you down if you believe. For God alone does not focus on what’s wrong with us. He’s not looking at all our faults and weaknesses. He’s looking at how far we’ve come along and how much we’re growing as a person. So we all need to focus on what’s right for us. (Henrik Edberg 2006-2010) Final thoughts Life alone is a major challenge. Everywhere we go we may encounter the good and the bad. Whether you may take the chance of absorbing the negative and deal with it or fight the toughest fight in dealing with stress alone. We all make those choices. Eliminating stress and negativity can be achieved by thinking positive. It’s time to unburden ourselves by receiving progress, initiative, inner peace, love, setting goal, prayers, and motivation. My personal experience in life alone dealing with stress and so much negative alone is challenging. There are times where in I just can’t handle the situation that I’m in yet I pushed myself for the better by pressing forward, surrounding myself with positive people, and learn how to deal with stress by means of how to handle my emotions. This is one of the most significant aspects in coping. Overall by reading every word in this essay is a step in what are the ways in dealing with everyday stress and negativity in general. It is also a guide in improving our everyday life. We can make the most of any experience or challenges that we go through by committing ourselves in change and grow. Expressing ourselves freely, fully and honestly is not going to lessen us the benefits of creating a positive meaning in life. Remember when our life or your life is full of rocks; don’t forget to throw bread back in return. Reference: How to reduce, prevent, and cope with stress (Melinda Smith, M. A. , Ellen Jaffe-Gill, M. A, Robert Segal, M. A. 2008) http://helpguide. org/mental/stress_management_relief_coping. htm How to cite Stress and Negativity in Our Human Minds, Papers

History of Acupuncture free essay sample

Acupuncture has been used in china for several years as a healing art; it is an important component of traditional Chinese medicine which prevents and treats diseases by puncturing definite points on the body using needles and applying heat with ignited moxa wool.   This kind of treatment has a high degree of efficiency, it is easy to learn, safe and economical, such methods has been enjoyed popularity among the Chinese people for thousand of years. The points in acupuncture are defined to be as holes for the passing in and out of the body of qi (chi), the life force. These points connect to form lines and each serves as meridian that links specific organs with the surface of the body. As the Chinese believed that the human body is composed of two poles these are the yin and yang they are considered at the opposite ends but it continually interact with each other. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Acupuncture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There is a harmonious balance being struck by the amount of energy exchanged between the yin and yang neither pole dominates the other but when a person is ill excess energy has accumulated in the direction of one pole. Disease and injury are considered states of imbalance between yin and yang. In the beginning, acupuncture was used for minor operations such as tonsillectomies and dental surgery. By the mid-1970’s more than 400,000 Chinese patients had received acupuncture anesthesia. Today acupuncture is employed more than two hundred different surgical procedures, from mild o serous cases, from infants to octogenarians. The development and expansion of acupuncture are summaries of experiences of the ancient Chinese people’s fight against diseases. By history records shows that the Chinese people were already using â€Å"bian stone† – a stone with pointed edges used as a weapon. Incidentally, the ancient Chinese found out that pain can be alleviate if pressure was functional on the affected body part by means of the stone. History of Acupuncture All through the Tang Dynasty (618-960) this method was already used in treating diseases, it was all through the Bronze Age and Iron Age when people began to use needles by these materials instead of stone, in the development of man’s means of social production, the excellence of acupuncture needles also enhanced (Dung et al 2004). In the mid- 70’s acupuncture analgesia, a new method of anesthesia used in surgical operations, was developed. Latest years saw more in profundity studies on the device of acupuncture which proved that both methods of customary Chinese medicine have variable effects on the body as well as in enhancing resistance against illness. Present technology has been shared with acupuncture, now it is ordinary to see electric stimulator replacing manual needling handling and the use of laser machine for certain acupuncture points of the body. Although these techniques are unlike from traditional methods in terms of stimulation, they employ the same technique of locating acupuncture points. The impact acupuncture has on consumer’s health both positive and negative Acupuncture is harmless, has no side effects and simple to use and operate. Today, a lot of western people are shifting to traditional Chinese medicine, including herbal, acupuncture and moxibustion because of reasons that it is safer than other kinds of treatment and is even safer than western medicine, from then it is accepted as a kind of alternative medicine. It is a known fact that western medicine has its own restrictions and harmful side effects. People now are likely to go back to the usual and holistic form of curing certain diseases. It as no side effects and considered to be a non insidious form of treatment. Rest assured that it always is carried out by a fully trained and registered practitioner. It is a general fact that side effects caused by western medicine, such as research based treatment at times when induced inside the body could only be efficient in the prior process of treatment but because the human body does not give a level reaction, some people treated react to its application on   conflicting ways. Therefore, some patients prefer other types of treatment such as acupuncture though it requires a longer process it may not cause any harm for the human body since it is devoid of using medicines on its application. Acupuncture can treat insomnia, epigasric pain, enuresis, tinnitus, headache, acute sprain, contusion, inflammation of the facial nerve (Dung et al 2004). It is also efficient treating useful and sensory diseases and in improving the body’s immune system. It can avoid and treat diseases by invigorating the body’s balance, regulating the body mechanism, inhibiting the pathological procedure and obliquely removing and eliminating pathogenic factors. It has anti inflammatory effect and can also ease pain. To stimulate the nerves in the skin and also the stimulation of the muscles of responsive parts of the body is the primary objective of acupuncture; such sensitive parts are called acupoints which link to the junction of nerves in other parts of the body. There is a usual a pain killing substance that the body releases we call it endorphins, upon the needles are inserted to any part of the body. The nerve pathways of the brain and spinal cord were endorphins enters and helps ease the pain in the corresponding parts of the body. Another practice like electro acupuncture is also practiced be acupuncturist, this kind of treatment uses needles that are linked to a battery-operated electrical device, which cause to vibrate and produce tingling feeling.   Balch (2002) stated that the use of lasers may also stimulate trace points by pressing the trace points in a process known as acupressure. This is used on children, to treat the sensitive areas of the body and also nervous patients ad they do not involve needles. Following the acupuncture treatment a person can feel tired or energized, it is advisable to take a rest after the session to give the body enough time to rest and repair itself, and other people feel not as good as before taking the treatment for the reason that the body tries to purge of the toxins. All this feelings after the acupuncture a person undergone depends on how the body reacts and behaves to it. Importance of Acupuncture In the future, recognized effectiveness would make state governments more probable to champion certain applications of alternative care, such as chiropractic for back and neck pain or acupuncture for detoxification from drug reliance. These methods help the professionals come to grips with the limitation of their own paradigms to move beyond them, living fear of the unknown and defensiveness behind. During the early years when acupuncture pioneers defied law and conference to give acupuncture force in numbers and the reliability of success, little concentration could be paid to technical issues, accepting alien concepts, or the need for developing suitable systems for insuring validity. Because many hoped that acupuncture would give what they found missing in modern medicine. Acupuncture’s progress concentrated on the fundamentals that most encouraged was often seen as a answer to the breakdown and estrangement of modern society, thus acupuncture’s customary and sometimes ordinary role in day to day indication decree is still largely unobserved on holistic views. In adapting a Chinese acupuncture energetic model in the West, to renovate this model in a method that takes account of our modes of psychological being in the world, acupuncture therapy, while unblocking an energetic zone, concurrently frees up the psyche intent in the zone of the brain, and is notice is not paid to the fundamental psychological issues in the patient’s life perception, a new energetic zone will soon become worried. It has been a shared experience of some acupuncture to treat somatic energetic conflict; they begin moving toward a practice that includes action of psycho energetic imbalances as well. But just like any other treatments it can also have several disadvantages since acupuncture focus only in treating pain and diseases in specific part of the body, it can reduce pain but cannot repair injured parts of the body such as broken bones, or diseased organs.   If a serious condition is assumed, symptoms such as pain or sickness indicates that there is a more severe problem inside the body it should be thoroughly investigated before   a patient should undergo such treatment, because treatments to be done on patients depend on test results that the patient undergo before going through the procedure of acupuncture.   Acupuncture treatment is appropriate for the majority people, even if   certain acupoints should be avoided for the duration of conception, it is not appropriate for people   with unrestrained rigorous bleeding disorders, and additional care must be taken when treating people on anticoagulant drugs. Needles that are used after the treatment should not be left in place for extended periods of time when treating people with an augmented risk of infection. If we prefer to use acupuncture treatment, there are many factors that we should always consider though we could recognize the fact that it is a secure treatment once carried out by a qualified specialist. Complications that are serious are very rare such as infection, punctured spinal cord or lung. Risk like this only occurs as result of bad practice or done by a poorly skilled acupuncturist. A well trained acupuncturist will use clean needles and dispose them for every use since needles are one carrier of diseases from one person to another, an acupuncturist should always use and dispose it carefully. Health Normally one recognizes two states: health and disease but it is suggested in acupuncture to recognize three states including physiological dysfunction. To recommend treatment of acupuncture the patient feels well and is in good health and all laboratory test made on the patient should obtain all results to be normal. Physiological dysfunction In many cases there is a gradual change, which may sometimes take years from health to disease. This started from mild physiological dysfunction like insomnia, headaches, heartburn, and lumbago etc. though the patient is considered to be well. Such illness may stay at this level and never become a real disease even the patient may have dysmenorrhea for 30 years or migraine for 50 years. As the physiological dysfunction is still mild the laboratory tests remain normal or almost normal. Disease At this stage the patient is obviously ill. The physiological dysfunction has turned the laboratory test abnormal; there may be anatomical changes which can be seen on X- ray. It has arrived at the stage of orthodox medicine â€Å"real disease†. Generally speaking, acupuncture is most efficient in those diseases or symptoms which involve a mild physiological dysfunction such as headache, palpitations or lumbago. In these dysfunctions the pathology is so mild that frequently the patient’s symptoms may not only be alleviated, but actually cured, i.e. when the treatment stops, the patient remains more or less cured. Orthodox medicine is often of greater benefit in those diseases involving a severe physiological dysfunction, such as gout, congestive cardiac failure or a slipped disc. As the pathology is severe, this involves an irreversible process, when medication stops the symptoms reappear   (Cargill, 1994). Usually only surgery helps permanent or almost permanently in certain cases of irreversible pathology. The areas of application of acupuncture to the diseases involving a mild physiological dysfunction possess some problems. The system of laboratory test used in Western medicine is geared to the Western medical concept of diseases involving a severe physiological dysfunction. Mild diseases which are treatable by acupuncture often have normal laboratory findings. Patients with migraine or dysmenorrhea do not consider such symptoms of the ailment as mild though it is not lethal. That is why doctors practicing acupuncture are often accused of treating diseases which do not exist. It is also apparent that, in the area of mild physiological dysfunction, the mind and the body may be acting together. The mind and the body should work synergic ally for acupuncture to be effective. This synergy happens in general practice as well, for the patient that goes to the doctor expecting help and the doctor gives drug which he also hopes will help. In the usual type of clinical trial wherein the patient does not know what is happening and more often the doctor does not know either therefore the synergy is missing. This situation does not matter when administering the powerful drugs used in orthodox medicine. But it will make a great difference in applying gentle treatment like acupuncture. Acupuncture seems to be different from orthodox medicine because it needs the physical treatment and the correct mental circumstances. For acupuncture one needs both the mental and the physical output. Conclusion and Recommendations on Acupuncture The use of acupuncture as an alternative way in the use of biomedicine is an advantage for all kinds of people, because the intake of drugs recurrently could produce adverse side effect it may be able to treat the disease but can distort some healthy cells of the body especially for those people who suffers from serious illness.   The careful handling of the materials used should always be considered, as consumers should only rely on the performance of trained acupuncturist. This kind of treatment is not only used in China but even gain its popularity all over the world. Most research in acupuncture has lead to the idea old traditional acupuncture. These researchers have believed in the tradition and then tried to prove it experimentally. Some of these researches have tried to look for acupuncture points or meridians by measurement of the electrical skin resistance, in using the microscope they have tried to find the specialized structures in the skin or adjacent tissues. Those who have the use of infra-red photography, Kirlian photography or ultrasound have all diligently searched for the elusive acupuncture point. In cases like migraines, low backache, sciatica or pain in the neck, shoulder and arm, acupuncture will help in a reasonable proportion of patients. Visiting a psychiatrist by patients with such conditions will, on the other the other hand, result in very few cures. This makes it clear that acupuncture and psychiatric therapy are not the same, though this does not exclude a partial overlap. A patient with low backache may have his pain, stiffness and limitation of movement alleviated by acupuncture of the lumbosacral area. Some patients with low backache have electromyographic (EMG) studies of this same lumbosacral area where the EMG needles are often used in the same area as the acupuncture needle was located. In the treatment of migraine the needling area is on the dorsum of the foot called liver.   Frequently, needling anywhere in the foot may help in few cases of patients. Though some uses sharp stone in a shoe will stimulate just as much as acupuncture needles it will rarely cure migraine. If patients are treated too strongly by acupuncture they may experience a temporary aggravation of their symptoms, like considering when a patient is having an extremely severe and long- lasting migraine the same time during the treatment. No patient expects to get worse but sometimes it happens in few patients what we called strong reactors.   They often have their symptoms alleviated within a few seconds of treatment which is expected in an appropriate case. Patients do not expect to be cured in a few seconds, but rather in a few days, being used to orthodox, medicine, which usually requires a few days to produce a response. For these examples acupuncture is an enigma, we believe that it works but the question is how. Work Cited Acupuncture (NCCAM Health Information). Retrieved from nccam.nih.gov/health/  Ã‚   acupuncture (2007, November, 10). Birch, S.J. Felt, F.L. (1999).   Understanding     Acupuncture. Churchill Livingstone. Cargill, M.   (1994). Acupuncture: A Viable Medical Alternative. Praeger Publishers. Health Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/articles (2007, November, 11) Dung, H.C., Clogston C. P., J.W. Dunn (2004). Acupuncture: An Anatomical Approach. CRC Press. Freeman, L.W. Lawlis G. F. (2001). Mosby’s Complementary Alternative Medicine: A Research –Based Approach. Mosby. Place of Publication. Gabriel, S. B. Berman, B. Pomeranz (2003). Basics of Acupuncture. Springer Press. Balch, P.A. (2002). Prescription for Herbal Healing. Avery Press. Mann, F. (2001). Reinventing acupuncture:   A new concept of ancient medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences. Norris,   Ã‚  C. M.   (2001). Acupuncture: Treatment of Musculoskeletal Conditions. Elsevier Health Sciences. Gielen, U. P. Fish, J. M. Draguns, J.G. (2004). Handbook of Culture, Therapy, and Healing. Lawrence Erbaum Associates. Zollman, C. Dixon, J. M. Vickers, A. (2000). ABC of Complementary Medicine. BMJ.

Pack More Punch into Your Proofreading

PACK MORE PUNCH INTO YOUR PROOFREADING I find that most writers approach proofreading as a dreaded afterthought. Once they finish the actual writing, the idea of poring over their copy one last time to discover tiny errors seems†¦loathsome. Trust me, proofreading is infinitely important. Nothing looks sloppier than using â€Å"your† when you should have used â€Å"you’re.† Or misspelling the name of the company you’re writing about. Little errors can drown out your message, but clean error-free copy strengthens it. Check out these simple ways to pack more punch into your proofreading: Print out your work. Reading on the computer screen strains your eyes. You’ll be surprised how many extra errors you’ll catch by printing out your copy and reading it out loud. Vary your sentence structure. Copy that consists of simple subject verb object structures over and over is boring. Pay attention to your sentences so that one sentence starts with a prepositional phrase and the next one begins with a gerund. Alter the lengths of your sentences. Too many long sentences make your copy cumbersome; too many short ones make it feel choppy. For interesting and vibrant copy, some sentences should be long and some should be short. Like this one. Check for consistency. Make sure that if you hyphenate a word once, that you hyphenate it throughout your work. Also, take a look at your bullets. They should all start with the same type of word: subject, gerund, action verb, etc. Whether you look forward to proofing your work or loath the thought of doing it, remember that it has to be done. Put in a little extra time and your copy will be cleaner. For added security against typos, have someone – anyone – take a look at your work for you. A new set of eyes will find many of the tiny mistakes you’ve been too close to see.

Fibromyalgia and Physical Therapy essays

Fibromyalgia and Physical Therapy essays Fibromyalgia is a chronic disease that is characterized by severe pain in the joints, muscles and tendons, and affecting 3-6 million Americans and its the 2nd most prominent ailment affecting the musculoskeletal system after osteoarthritis 1. This disorder causes widespread pain, sleep disturbance, fatigue and often leads to depression The condition is more prevalent among the women than in men. It can affect people at any age. Since the condition is associated with chronic pain, it is important to have an effective therapy in order to suppress the pain. There are a number of physical and medical therapies that can be used to treat the condition. This discussion examines the connection between fibromyalgia and physical therapy. 2. Description of Condition (Fibromyalgia) Fibromyalgia is a syndrome where the victim tends to have long-term body pain, tenderness, and stiffness in muscles, joints, tendons and other soft muscles in the body. Fibromyalgia is also associated with painful response to pressure. In some cases, pain may be too severe to cause disability. This implies that there is a need for taking effective measures in order to suppress pain. This condition is also characterized by sleeplessness, depression, anxiety, bowel dysfunctions and chronic fatigue. Some victims also experience difficulties while swallowing. Fibromyalgia is a form of tissue rheumatism rather than arthritis of the joints. This condition mainly affects the muscles and their attachments to the bones, espouses Elrod 3. Currently, there is no any single factor that has been exclusively identified to cause the condition. However, physicians have identified some of critical conditions that contribute to the onset of fibromyalgia. Some of these include stress, traumatic emotional experience, chronic fatigue, and disruption of deep sleep. It is also associated with biological interruption of energy production, magnesium, and substrate, oxygen, a...

Minimalism or Minimal Art Mid-1960s to the Present

Minimalism or Minimal Art Mid-1960s to the Present Minimalism or Minimal Art is a form of  abstraction. It focuses on the most essential and elemental aspects of an object. The art critic Barbara Rose explained in her groundbreaking article ABC Art, Art in America (October-November 1965), that this empty, repetitious, uninflected aesthetic could be found in the visual arts, dance, and music. (Merce Cunningham and   John Cage  would be examples in dance and music.) Minimal art aims to reduce its content to rigorous clarity. It may try to rid itself of evocative effect, but it does not always succeed. Agnes Martins faint graphite lines drawn on pale flat surfaces seem to radiate with human delicacy and humility. In a small room with low light, they can be exceptionally moving. How Long Minimalism Has Been a Movement Minimalism reached its peak during the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, but many of its practitioners are still alive and well today. Dia Beacon, a museum of mainly Minimalist pieces, exhibits a permanent collection of the best-known artists in the movement. For example, Michael Heizers North, East, South, West (1967/2002) is permanently installed on the premises. Some artists, such as Richard Tuttle and Richard Serra, are now considered Post-Minimalists. What Are the Key Characteristics of Minimalism? Clarity and simplicity of form.No narrative.No anecdotal content or references.Emphasis on pure shapes.Often monochromatic surfaces. Best Known Minimalists: Agnes MartinDonald JuddMichael HeizerRobert MorrisRobert SerraRichard TuttleTony SmithAnn TruitRonald BladenDan FlavinSol LeWittRobert MangoldDorothea Rockburne Suggested Reading Battcock, Gregory (ed.). Minimal Art: A Critical Anthology.New York: Dutton, 1968.

Images Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Images - Essay Example e image and clarity of the image have been presented very well as the viewer does not take much time to visualize on the content and the composition of the image. In fact, the artist in his painting techniques had designed the image to create a sense of humor to any viewer that could be viewing the image for his work or any study purposes o any other purpose. Most of the images made by using different kind of color as this artist has used are mostly appealing to the viewers as they are simple to understand and interpret. There is less time involving in visualizing their composition. Contents and the forms of such particular images also present a cool temperature nature of the conditions they were taken. 2. The image below is that of altostratus clouds. These clouds are usually characterized by dense, gray layer cloud that is often evenly and opaquely to enable any form of a little sunshine to penetrate. In this image, the background is very dim and thereby portraying that the atmospheric perspective point from where the photograph was captured. It could have been at the very far distance or from an aerial point of view. Observers can articulate from the image that that the art of calligraphy was of low representation as it its hue is much dim. The photo seems to be from an area that had very bright light hence interfering with the color strength of the background of the product. From the look of the image, observer can represent its temperature to be that of a cool scenario due to its dimness. The artist, therefore, could have used any of the complimentary colors; that is either red and yellow or yellow and blue or yellow and violates to give the image the strongest contrast it could have. People can also see the use of pointillism when viewed from a very close range since there are some small dots that could be seen at the background of the image. The small dots that the artist used during his painting work could also create an impression on the image as of

Ocean warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Ocean warming - Essay Example These recognized services of the ocean are required in sustaining the life support system in the earth, thus, the earth should have a healthy oceanic and coastal environment. Ocean warming is a threat to the health of the world ocean that is why ocean management strategies are to be properly implemented. These management strategies of marine ecosystem are not properly applied which result to the decreasing capacity of the ocean to store C02 secretion. The ocean is now suffering the severe consequences brought about by unmonitored secretion of C02 by human activities and one of this is ocean acidification (Feely, et al., 2006, pp.1-4). This is the result in too much giving up of C02 in the earth’s atmosphere which paved the way in the warming of the ocean. This paper’s aim is to get a clear idea on scientist’s suspicion about the warming of the ocean and its real scenario. Its main objective is to be able to know what exactly is ocean warming as well as to identify and assess changes that had led to this situation. Illustration and evidences are presented to have a clear picture on how C02 greatly affects the increased heating of the ocean. The environmental and social impact of changes in the ocean/atmosphere interaction will also be tackled. This is also design to inform the society of their share, a recommendation on what to do upon knowing that the ocean is warming. Global climate change is a very crucial issue especially with regard to the increasing of heat content of the world ocean and the raising of sea level. U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Administrator Dr. James Baker (2000) said, there â€Å"has been warming to a depth of nearly 10,000 feet in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans† (cited in Stevenson, n.d.). Ocean warming is considered to be a complex problem and is not a simple matter for scientists that are engrossed in

Analsysis of John Green;s The Fault in Our stars Essay Example for Free

Analsysis of John Green;s The Fault in Our stars Essay In 2013 it is predicted that 580,350 people will die from cancer (Howlader). Chances are any given person knows at least one person, who has suffered from cancer. Talking about cancer is not something that people willingly do. If you are unlucky enough to not know someone who has had cancer, reading The Fault in Our Stars by John Green will give you the emotions of losing someone dear to you to cancer. What makes this book worth reading because of it’s plot, the characters are relatable and give the reader meaning, and the book sticks in the readers mind even after finishing the book. The plot of The Fault of Our Stars tells the story of Hazel Grace who experiences a miracle that shrinks her ever growing tumors and buys her more years that she expected. The novel is based on the twist in Hazel’s life when she meets Augustus Waters, a cancer survivor, at a Cancer Kid Support group. The story follows the friendship and romance of Hazel and Augustus. The two grow together and share experiences and love for reading making their friendship and relationship become more solidified. The romance flourishes after Hazel has a medical issue due to the tumors in her lungs and explains to Augustus that she wants to meet her, and now his, favorite author in Amsterdam. Augustus uses his wish, presumably from the â€Å"Make a Wish Foundation,† to get himself, Hazel, and Hazel’s mother to Amsterdam. This trip is the climax in the relationship of Hazel and Augustus. They share their first kiss, and lose their virginities to each other. This is also the tipping point where we realize that Augustus is dying, Brodie 2 his cancer has reoccured and it appears to be incurable. After their trip we quickly see Augustus’ health go down a downward spiral, his caner getting worse and spreading throughout his body. The author then does the unexpected and ends the romance of Hazel and Augustus by having Augustus cancer overwhelm him and eventually take his life. Green follows Hazels life after his death showing her grief and her will to live. Augustus death gave her a new perspective on life. Wanting to fight her cancer more. The plot is overall strong and well thought out. The story is possible, while unlikely that two teenagers with terminal caner would travel to Amsterdam together, but still has the realistic nature that gives most people something to relate to. Having two teenagers with cancer fall in love gives the plot not only a twist at the end, but also something that everyone in their lives look for. It has hope for the people needing hope, love for the hopeless romantics, adventure for the adventure seekers, something for everyone can be found in this book. The characters Hazel Grace, and Augustus Waters, have aspects of their personalities that everyone can relate to. The author John Green specifically designed the characters to be relatable for all ages. Green gave Hazel a strong independent personality who doesn’t like seeing herself as being weak. Green wants to make Hazel a teenager, despite her terminal cancer. Green comments, â€Å"I wanted to establish that just because Hazel is sick and dying or whatever, she is still a teenager, and more generally she is still human and developing emotionally at the standard human rate, and not at some wildly increased rate of development that’s only available to you if you have incurable cancer. † (Questions). Green creates a character that has had things in her life happen that many teenagers will never experience. However he gives her â€Å"normal teenager† aspects where she does not enjoy physical contact with her mother. Giving her a real teenage Brodie 3 attitude makes her more relatable than a mature teenager who loves her parents and has terminal cancer. While Augustus seems to be the mature teenager who beat cancer, he still has his teen angst common in adolescence. He travels with Hazel against his parents wishes, he lies to Hazel about coming out of remission, and has attitude with a flight attendant when she asks him to remove an unlit cigarette from his mouth. While many teenagers wouldnt go against their parents wishes especially when it comes to their wellbeing, lie to the woman they love about their cancer, and smoke unlit cigarettes to get across a metaphor, Green makes it clear that Augustus was a real person. He had pain and suffering that he didnt lead on. Green says when asked why Augustus stops hiding his pain towards the end of his life, â€Å"I am really bothered by the idea that people in pain who are being wrenched from existence should be perpetually cheerful and compassionate about it. † (Questions). His point is that some people can only bottle up their pain for so long. This is something many teenagers with depression, and even adults can relate to. Memorability of a book or any form of media is important. Having quotes that can be used in everyday life, and some that are so deep that they make you think about yourself and the marks you leave on the world. Having strong quotes such as, â€Å"I’m in love with you, and I know that love is just a shout into the void, and that oblivion is inevitable, and that we’re all doomed and that there will come a day when all our labor has been returned to dust, and I know the sun will swallow the only earth we’ll ever have, and I am in love with you. † (Green, 128). The certain quotes that stick with someone, that initiate emotions, are important in any books. The emotions that can be drawn out of the reader, mainly bringing sadness towards the end when Brodie 4 Green does the worst possible thing to his characters by ending the life of Augustus, for some people this can spark intense emotions. Many people say to â€Å"not read this book in public† (Keane) due to the fact that many people have cried. Not expecting the twist ending, finding yourself shocked at the pain the other characters are feeling create an almost physical response from some readers. The effectiveness of a good book are based on the plot, characters, and memorability. While some of these are all based on personal preference it can be agreed that The Fault in Our Stars is, according to Time, an â€Å"instant classic. † Time magazine wrote, â€Å"(I can see) The Fault in Our Stars taking its place alongside Are You There God? It’s Me, Margaret in the young-adult canon. † Writing about such an emotional topic of cancer and on top of that writing about the love and the loss of two teenagers is a strong concept to tackle and release into the public. The words on the pages jump off and overall the book is worth reading due to the intense plot line, relatable characters, and the quotable passages. Brodie 5 Works Cited Bruni, Frank. Kids, Books and a Five-Hankie Gem. The New York Times 22 Feb. 2012, sec. Opinion Paged: n. pag. New York Times. Web. 2 Oct. 2013. Green, John. The Fault in Our Stars. New York: Dutton Books, 2012. Print. Green, John. Questions about The Fault in Our Stars. John Green. N. p. , n. d. Web. 7 Oct. 2013. . Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Neyman N, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z, Cho H, Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2010, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer. cancer. gov/csr/1975_2010/, based on November 2012 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, 2013. Keane, Shannon Rigney. Book Notes: The Fault in Our Stars by John Green. Girls Leadership Institute. N. p. , 7 Aug. 2012. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. . Lockhart, E. The Fault in Our Stars: John Green, Kate Rudd: 9781455869893: Amazon. com: Books. Amazon. N. p. , n. d. Web. 7 Oct. 2013. . Time Magazine. Reviews for The Fault in Out Stars. John Green. N. p. , n. d. Web. 7 Oct. 2013. .

Life and Works Essay -- Essays Papers

Life and Works Who is Leonardo Da Vinci? Leonardo had a keen eye and quick mind that led him to make important scientific discoveries, yet he never published his ideas. He was a gentle vegetarian who loved animals and despised war, yet he worked as a military engineer to invent advanced and deadly weapons. He was one of the greatest painters of the Italian Renaissance, yet he left only a handful of completed paintings. It may seem unusual to include Leonardo da Vinci in a list of paleontologists and evolutionary biologists. Leonardo was and is best known as an artist, the creator of such masterpieces as the Mona Lisa, Madonna of the Rocks, and The Last Supper. Yet Leonardo was far more than a great artist: he had one of the best scientific minds of his time. He made painstaking observations and carried out research in fields ranging from architecture and civil engineering to astronomy to anatomy and zoology to geography, geology and paleontology. In the words of his biographer Giorgio Vasari: The most heavenly gifts seem to be showered on certain human beings. Sometimes supernaturally, marvelously, they all congregate in one individual. . . . This was seen and acknowledged by all men in the case of Leonardo da Vinci, who had. . . an indescribable grace in every effortless act and deed. His talent was so rare that he mastered any subject to which he turned his attention. . . . He might have been a scientist if he had not been so versatile. Leonardo's scientif... Life and Works Essay -- Essays Papers Life and Works Who is Leonardo Da Vinci? Leonardo had a keen eye and quick mind that led him to make important scientific discoveries, yet he never published his ideas. He was a gentle vegetarian who loved animals and despised war, yet he worked as a military engineer to invent advanced and deadly weapons. He was one of the greatest painters of the Italian Renaissance, yet he left only a handful of completed paintings. It may seem unusual to include Leonardo da Vinci in a list of paleontologists and evolutionary biologists. Leonardo was and is best known as an artist, the creator of such masterpieces as the Mona Lisa, Madonna of the Rocks, and The Last Supper. Yet Leonardo was far more than a great artist: he had one of the best scientific minds of his time. He made painstaking observations and carried out research in fields ranging from architecture and civil engineering to astronomy to anatomy and zoology to geography, geology and paleontology. In the words of his biographer Giorgio Vasari: The most heavenly gifts seem to be showered on certain human beings. Sometimes supernaturally, marvelously, they all congregate in one individual. . . . This was seen and acknowledged by all men in the case of Leonardo da Vinci, who had. . . an indescribable grace in every effortless act and deed. His talent was so rare that he mastered any subject to which he turned his attention. . . . He might have been a scientist if he had not been so versatile. Leonardo's scientif...

Enron collapse A look back Essay

Enron collapse: A look back Introduction                   Enron was formed as a result of merging with another company and it became a successful corporate. The joy of the business owners is to see how it grows fast and to attract more investors. There are rules and regulation that governs the corporate financial report that is open for inspection by potential investors (Folger, 2011). The audit of these financial reports should disclose the accurate financial state of the company and this should be made known to the stakeholders of the company. The stakeholders of a company play an important role in progress of the business and the going concern of the company (Sterling, 2002). The company of Enron did not manage its debts and therefore looked for means of hiding the truth from its stakeholders so as to continue making profit.                   The aim of a business is to make profit and be able to pay the debts of the creditors and also attract investors who are interested in the business. Most investor relay on the financial statement to determine whether to invest or not to invest (Folger, 2011). The Enron Company was a big company that was famous and successful before its fall. The corporate attracted many investors since they financial report showed how the business was growing at high rate (Bauer, 2009). However the corporate management did not disclose the true and fair view of the financial reports. The financial report of a company should not mislead the shareholders or its members.                   Moreover, in the Enron scandal there were some cases in which it showed misconduct of its financial reporting since the corporate did not display true and fair financial accountings to its stakeholders. The corporate used financial fabrication and mark- market accounting to hide its actual debts and real financial situation (Folger, 2011). These reports made the investor believe that the corporate was making profit while it was making losses in real sense. It is also a form of fraud to stakeholders since it cannot meet all its debts and in case of winding up majority of the investors and shareholder would suffer greatly. The Enron scandal was deemed to be great since it had huge debts to settle and its assets could not settle these debts.                   Indeed, financial misconduct affects a large group of stakeholder and leaves a great mark that cannot be erased (Sterling, 2002). For example the shareholders of Enron corporate were highly affected and suffered a loss of billions that were not recovered since the corporate went bankrupt and the assets of the business were also false in existence. The investors also suffered greatly from these financial misconduct, they lost their resources. In addition, the employees suffered greatly by losing billions of pension benefits due to the misconduct of financial reports which led to the bankruptcy of the Enron therefore could no longer pay them (Folger, 2011).                   The financial statement of a company is very important to the investors, it gives an over view of the stability of the business and its ability to pay debts. The Enron corporate failed to disclose true and fair view financial statements by hiding its real financial reports and the investors were misled and also due to many investments made by the company lead to its bankruptcy (Sterling, 2002). The purpose of accurate financial reports is to help the investors and also the company to know to what extent they should contract or invest in other businesses. It also helps in managing of the company’s debt thus making profit but the Enron was only interested in making a lot of profits that led to their down fall.                   Ethics are rules that govern every business and its members on how to conduct their daily roles in the company (Brady, & Dunn, 1995). In other words, the managers of this corporate owe their loyalty to its stakeholders and their interest ought to be the interest of the business (Bauer, 2009). In deontology of the Enron corporate, the management had a duty and obligations to display the true statement of finance and also to operate the business in the interest of the stakeholders and not their interest. As the leaders they ought to make sure that the going concern of the business is kept and the assets of the company are secured. In addition, the duty of the Enron managers was to disclose the true and fair view of financial reports (Bauer, 2009).                   On other hand, utilitarian is a form ethic that is used to show the positive side of the organization, for example by disclosing the false statement to stakeholders thus blinding them of the real situation (Folger, 2011). The Enron leaders used different methods to conceal the truth about its debts and faked the profits. They made the business look attractive and therefore more investors invested in the business. At the end, the ethics rules were violated and the leaders had a role to play .Enron had a role to disclose the truth which could have rescued the company (Bauer, 2009). If at the beginning, the company revealed the truth it would not have ended bankrupt and the employees would have secured their jobs. Finally, the company had a duty to disclose the true financial statements and also save the company from falling and the scandals would have been avoided. The companies should put into practice the ethics governing the corporates. Therefore, to pr event any future happenings such as the past frauds in the company, there has been an enhanced regulation as well as oversight in the company (Folger, 2011). References Bauer, A. (2009). The Enron scandal and the Sarbanes-Oxley-Act. München: GRIN Verlag. Brady, F. N., & Dunn, C. P. (1995). Business meta-ethics: An analysis of two theories. Business Ethics Quarterly, 385-398. Folger, J. (2011). The Enron collapse: A look back. Investopedia, December 1. Retrieved October 25, 2014, at http://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/1211/the-enron-collapse-a-look-back.aspx Sterling, T. F. (2002). The Enron scandal. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Source document

Criminal justice Essay

Luqman Rohaizat (5 Omega 2009) At first thought, caning may seem like an inhumane punishment for students, who are not yet fully matured in their thinking, and are still learning along the way. â€Å"It just hurts them, physically and emotionally, without doing anything else† I hear concerned parents say. But then again, is there a more effective way to punish and control students? Moreover, nowadays there seems to be a noticeable rise in disciplinary problems involving students in schools nationwide. We need to find an explanation for this rise in disciplinary problems, in order to find the ideal solution for the problem. By my knowledge, we can clearly relate the rise in disciplinary problems with the withdrawal of caning, or any sort of physically inflicted pain, as a punishment for students. What I mean is, when students don’t get punished, they will get into more trouble in the future. Based on this, I fully agree that caning is an effective way to punish students. This is where caning can be part of the solution. Please, let me explain. Students get into trouble because it is their nature to make lots of mistakes and learn through them. Yes, they learn new and important things in life through mistakes. It is okay to make one or two mistakes once in a while, but when a student gets into trouble, or keeps repeating the same mistakes one too many times, this indicates a problem. Maybe the student does not realize that he is causing trouble, or hurting other people. For all we know he might even be enjoying causing trouble. If this student is not punished, he is certain to do more harm again, and this is not good for everybody. As a solution, caning will make the student realize that what he is doing is wrong, and that he should never make this mistake again. As you can see, caning becomes part of the long-term solution to shape a student’s thinking pattern, for the benefit of himself. Another thing to consider is that because of the withdrawal of caning as a punishment for students, our students’ respect for their teachers and their school has dwindled. Respect is an important virtue for every student, and if the student does not develop the value of respect within himself, he will never succeed in life. Nowadays, students are becoming more and more outrageous, with cases ranging from stealing and smoking to doing drugs, or even sexual crimes. It seems that this younger generation has lost respect and fear of their teachers, parents, and has no sort of shame at all for that matter. The only way to instill fear and respect in these students for their teachers is by giving teachers the responsibility of caning troubled students. Through caning, these students will learn the consequences of their crimes and avoid negative behavior. Hurting the students a little bit is for their own good, and is a low price to pay compared to a jeopardized future. Nonetheless, caning is an effective tool to improve students’ discipline, if and only if it is done the right way, taking the necessary precautions and steps. Caning will not achieve the desired results, if done without thought and order. Teacher cannot cane students just because they feel like doing so. What is the benefit in that? In my opinion, only certain teachers should uphold the responsibility of caning students. It would be best if the responsibility is given to the disciplinary teachers of the school. It is in their field to punish students, and disciplinary teachers are the best people for the job. If a student gets into serious trouble, he or she would be sent to the disciplinary teacher’s office, for a session of caning. May I add that even though students are fully matured in their thinking and behaviour, they are still fully able to think rationally. Thus, teachers must deal with students in a professional manner, and not treat them like little children. They should be told the troubles they have caused, and why they deserve to be caned for them. We should make the student understand the punishment they have received, so they will not repeat it. Public caning, especially during assemblies, is strictly prohibited, as humiliation will not do any good to students. Caning can be a solution, if done correctly and with reason. In short, I think that caning should be fully allowed in schools, with the necessary precautions applied, for the benefit of everybody. Caning, as a punishment, is effective, keeps troubles away, and is for the students’ long term benefit. Besides, getting the cane once or twice never hurt our parents. You’ll feel like a hero, stepping out of the Discipline teacher’s office. Catatan Web Admin: Esei ini merupakan sumbangan penulis untuk Majalah Darulaman. Terima kasih kepada Cikgu Osmadosnani Mat Lazim (Setiausaha JK Penerbitan KSAH) yang mengusahakan sehingga esei ini dapat dimuat naik di laman web KSAH. (upload : 05/06/12).

The Value of Apple Certification

The Value of Apple Certification Apple certification is something not many people even know is available. One reason is that Macs are still not nearly as popular as Microsoft Windows in the corporate world. Still, it does have a specific niche in business. Creative organizations like advertising agencies and media outlets like newspapers, magazines, and video production facilities normally rely much more heavily on Macs than other businesses. In addition, a number of school districts nationwide are Mac based. And most large companies have a few Macs scattered around, especially in corporate art and video departments. That’s why it can make sense to get an Apple certification. Although not nearly as numerous as, for example, Microsoft certified individuals, Mac certified pros are valuable in the right setting. Application Certifications There are basically two certification paths for Apple: application-oriented and support/troubleshooting-oriented. Apple Certified Pros have expertise in particular programs, like the Final Cut Studio video editing suite or DVD Studio Pro for DVD authoring. For certain applications, like Logic Studio and Final Cut Studio, there are several levels of training, including the Master Pro and Master Trainer credentials. These can be handy to have if you’re self-employed and do contract video editing work, for example. If teaching is your thing, consider becoming an Apple Certified Trainer. The chief benefit of a certification like this would be for instructors and trainers working with students learning the programs. Technology Certifications Apple also offers a number of titles for the more â€Å"geeky† folks. Those who like computer networking and digging into the guts of an operating system are targeted here. There are three Mac OS X certifications offered, including: Apple Certified Support Professional (ACSP). This is an entry-level credential for support personnel, equivalent to the MCP. It covers the Mac OS X client, but not Mac OS X server.Apple Certified Technical Coordinator (ACTC). The next level adds Mac OS X server support and is geared toward entry-level system administrators working on smaller networks.Apple Certified System Administrator (ACSA). This is for high-end Mac system administrators, working in complex and often large environments. You should have several years experience working with and administering, Mac networks before attempting this one. Apple also has credentials for hardware and storage specialists. Apple’s storage device is called Xsan and offers two titles for experts in this area: Xsan Administrator and the Apple Certiï ¬ ed Media Administrator (ACMA). The ACMA is more technical than Xsan Administrator, involving storage architecture and networking duties. On the hardware side, consider becoming an Apple Certified Macintosh Technician (ACMT) Certification. ACMTs spend a lot of their time pulling apart and putting back together desktop machines, laptops, and servers. It’s the Apple version of the A credential from CompTIA. Worth the Money? So, given the range of Apple certifications available, the question is whether they’re worth spending the time and money to achieve since there are far fewer Macs in business use than PCs? One blog by an Apple fan asked that question and got some interesting answers. â€Å"The certifications are very useful and are valid industry recognised accreditation. Im pretty sure that a having Apple accreditation on my CV helped me get my current job,† said one Apple Certified Pro. Another compared the Apple certifications and Microsoft: â€Å"As for Apple vs Microsoft... MCSEs are a dime a dozen. Any Apple Cert is rare and if you have both (like I do) it is very marketable and valuable to clients. Scarcity is key to being valuable and my business in the past 18 months has exploded due to Apple and our requirement for dual certs.† One multiple-certification Mac expert had this to say: â€Å"The certifications definitely help, when it comes to showing prospective clients (and even future employers) that you know Macs.† Additionally, this article from Certification Magazine discusses how one college is starting to turn out Apple-certified students who are finding work, in part thanks to the credential. Judging from those responses, it’s safe to say that Apple certification is quite valuable in the proper situation.

Agriculture and Urbanization

Mark Luccarilli briefly reviewed Bill Wood's Wood Walk posted in the fifth issue of Terrain.org in the autumn of 1999. In his comment it repeatedly states that the idea of ​​Benton MacKaye's original Appalachian Mountains has not yet been implemented and that the MacKaye term itself can be regarded as a failure. Mr. Lukarili acknowledged that he could not lay an intermediate position to integrate agriculture and nature as a whole in the United States, The idea of ​​an idyllic city may treat us as a utopian stupidity in the climax I declared it as 2). . Poverty Alleviation: As we all know, most of the people involved in urban agriculture are urban poor. In developing countries, most urban agricultural production is used for private consumption, and the market sells surplus. According to FAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization), poor consumers in urban areas are very vulnerable to rising food prices because they use 60% to 80% of their income f or food. The community center and the garden education community regard agriculture as an integral part of city life. The Florida Sustainable Development Institute in Sarasota, Florida is a public community and education center where innovators with the concept of sustainable energy can run and test them. A community center like the Florida House provides a central place for urban agriculture to understand urban agriculture and start linking agriculture and city lifestyle. Urban agriculture, urban agriculture or urban gardening is a way to cultivate, process and distribute food in urban areas or surrounding areas. Urban agriculture includes animal husbandry, aquaculture, agroforestry, urban beekeeping and horticulture. These activities also occur in the suburbs, but suburban agriculture has different characteristics. Urban agriculture can reflect various degrees of economic and social development. It is a social movement for a sustainable community, organic farmers, food stuff and l ocal people form a social network based on the common nature and the general spirit of the community To do. These networks are developed with formal institutional support and are integrated into local town planning as a transitional town campaign for sustainable urban development. For others, food security, nutrition, income generation is the main motivation for this approach.

Critique an events marketing actions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critique an events marketing actions - Essay Example This sporting event, like all sporting events tests will power and endurance. Besides that the thrill associated with car races is legendary as cars and sports drive testosterone simultaneously. The benefits of the Dakar car rally are extremely varied. South America is a land of splendor and its discovery keeps on throwing surprises at motorists and viewers alike. Besides the sporting aspect and the discovery of the worlds different places, an important aspect of Dakar is the development of relationships and the human touch. Dakar has led to a development of many ties and instantaneous friendships between the competitors and the host nations. The cascade of colour also burgeons the culture divide and displays a rich amalgamation of culture of the motorists and the different countries where the races are held. It promotes culture of the host nations and brings the country exposure which is very valuable for the country from tourism point of view. Besides that there are numerous econom ic advantages associated with the Dakar car rally. Some of these are the liked to the logistical requirements needed by the rally which inject funds into the country's economy. A study resulted in finding that the estimate of its direct economic impact reaches 396 million pesos (i.e. 74.3 million euros).(Lavigne). The country's image was also optimized and tourist potential increased which also contributed to intangible benefits for the country which will be reaped in the years to come. The rally is all encompassing and is based on two core values, courage and endurance. The setting was in the Sahara, the most beautiful and mystical of all deserts and the effects are like an imprinted tattoo. For people in Africa where it was previously held they are the highlights of the normally uneventful life. For people watching it on TV, it is pure entertainment and for sponsors an extreme amount of exposure. It is a marketing juggernaut which is gold old fashioned selling adventure where ever y thing from toiletries to cars and motorcycles are sold. It is a paradox of cultures and a perfect amalgamation of the two sides of the world: the refined and glitzy Paris and the crude off road places where drivers have to battle difficult conditions. (Lawrence Hacking) Reasons for sponsorship The Dakar car rally, like all other sporting events is a well-sponsored event. Since it is an event which gets international coverage, the sponsors are also international. Sports sponsorship is not a new phenomenon and it is not only dine for social reasons. Not only sponsors fulfill their obligation towards the society but they also get a lot of positive publicity. Quester (P.G., 1996) has stated â€Å"the tacit nature of the message and the emotional involvement of the audience in the sponsored activity suggest that sponsorship may exercise an emotive rather than cognitive influence on consumer behaviour†. (Charles Bal). This fact is enough to draw sponsors towards the sporting even t. â€Å"Sponsorship has become a critical element in the integrated marketing communication mix of many private and public sector organizations. Among different types of marketing communication sponsorship is said to be one of the most powerful mediums now used to communicate and form relationships with stakeholders and markets (Skildum-Reid). Thus companies are willing to sponsor events which will bring positive publicity and bring better positioning of the brand and its product. Main

Servant Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Servant Leadership - Essay Example Furthermore, upon death of the proprietor, such organizations could not survive any longer (Vondey, 2010). Vondey (2010) states that scholars embarked on looking for a sustainable way of management that created value for staff and the organization. This led to a more enterprising relationship between leaders and servants, giving rise to self-driven and responsible followers. The main aim of servant leadership is for the leader to make an initiative of taking care of all the needs of followers. Organizations have particularly taken note of servant leadership since it encourages followers to perform tasks just like the leader, leading to structuring of organizational beliefs, clear chains of command and delegation of duties. Followers will offer services in the same way they see their leader do and this promotes service delivery if the leader is transparent and generous to followers (Winkle, Allen, DeVore & Winston 2014). For there to exist a proper relationship between the leader and followers, the leader should not exert his influence among the followers by commanding them around, instead the leader should work with followers, encouraging and showing them how to carry their duties successfully. This shall motivate followers to improve their productivity and growth, enhance recognition from the company, promote their integrity and they shall provide proper community services. Winkle et al (2014) says that from research, the servant leadership provides an outlook on how the followers are likely to perform. If a leader serves those under him, he shall have followers who will mostly do the same to others. Most followers will perceive the leader as a role model and will not hesitate to serve others if their leader serves them well. They shall do this by giving one another spectacular service, marketing their company and creating the habit of encouraging others to express themselves fully. In essence, followers acquire great values from a healthy servant

Dante's Inferno Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Dante's Inferno - Essay Example In his journey, he met three animals – leopard, lion and wolf. At a glance, it just seemed that these animals were plain predators that would cause harm to the narrator. However, these animals are symbols of the forms of sin. The leopard symbolizes sins of self-indulgence or lust. This form of sin is the easiest to commit. Naturally, humans seek pleasure, extravagant and sometimes greedy which are often sins of youth. The sin of bestial violence is represented by the lion. These are sins of adulthood, one of which is pride. The wolf represents malicious sins or the sins of age (Davis 2006). The poem illustrated the different levels of hell which corresponds to a particular sin. Beginning in Canto IV, the first circle is the Limbo where sighs were mostly heard is described as peaceful, yet sad. The souls in this were those people who are good but were not baptized. In the Catholic religion, one has yet to be baptized for the original sin (sin of Adam and Eve) to be forgiven. I am truly torn about this particular punishment because I also believe that if one is not baptized, one is not a part of the Christian world. In this case, since God has three entities – the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost- God is Christ and if you are not a Christian, there is no place for you in heaven or in paradise. On the other hand, logic tells me that there are non-Christians who are more deserving than Christians, and in this perspective it is not fair. The second circle is where the lustful are tortured; but the punishment is still considered as mild because lust is closely assoc iated with love and therefore is viewed with compassion. The third circle of hell was smaller, filled with cold and heavy with dirty rain. This circle is surrounded by new suffering with souls unhappily lain in the filthy mud, tormented by the three-headed doglike demon Cerberus. These were the

Factors Affecting Diabetes Management

Factors Affecting Diabetes Management REVIEW OF LITERATURE This chapter of review of literature helps focus on some of the recent literature related to diabetes. It helps throw light on the research articles relating to the knowledge, attitude and practices in diabetic patients. Further it also gives a brief account of studies related to the predictors of alternative approaches and the studies that are related to the sources that influence the usage of alternative approaches. The review is limited to the articles that were done between 1985-2014 of which some of them are quantitative and qualitative in nature. The databases through which the journals are referred include Pubmed, Springerlink, ScienceDirect, Sage, Wiley online library, Taylor Francis, Plos one, Mary Ann Liebert, American Diabetes Association, BioMedCentral (BMC) and Oxford Journals. This review helps in identifying the gaps that exist in the present literature. Knowledge, attitude and Practices amongst Diabetic adults Awareness of diabetes and diabetes care is needed for successful disease management. Low level of awareness of diabetes and its complications among patients results in poor glycemic control in Indians with diabetes. Knowledge about diabetes mellitus, appropriate attitude and practices are vital to reduce the incidence and morbidity associated with it. Obtaining information about the level of awareness about diabetes in a population is the first step in formulating a prevention program for diabetes (Mohan, Raj, Shanthirani, Datta, Unwin, Kapur, Mohan, 2005). A study from Pakistan highlighted the fact that proper education and awareness program can change the attitude of the public regarding diabetes (Badrudin, Basit, Hydrie, Hakeem, 2002) as a large gap between knowledge and attitude among the diabetes patients was found (Sivagnanam, Namasivayam, Rajasekaran, Thirumalaikolundusubramanian, Ravindranath, 2002) and proper knowledge regarding various aspects of health education program can improve the knowledge of patients and change their attitude (Mehta, Karki, Sharma, 2006). In a study that was conducted in Philippines to test the knowledge, attitude and practices among diabetic patients it was found that the overall knowledge scores are poor, with a percentage mean score of only 43%. The finding also reveal that only 1% of the 156 respondents believed that type 2 diabetes is a serious illness reflecting how most of the residents think of their condition as something to be taken lightly, this in turn had an effect on the participants practices where less than half of the respondents reported regular follow-up with their doctors (Ardeňa, Paz-Pacheco, Jimeno, Lantion-Ang, Paterno, Juban, 2010). Adequate knowledge has been associated with more adequate behavioural outcomes. In a cross-sectional study on knowledge, attitude and practices among diabetes patients about diabetes and its complications in Central Delhi, it was found that out of 170 patients 85.9% participants had the basic knowledge about the type of diabetes, about 87.6% of the participants revealed that they knew what they had to consume, while only 11.8% participants knew about normal blood sugar levels. The maximum knowledge that the participants had were about the eye problems (48.82%) and kidney problems (40%) while very little knowledge was noted for diabetic coma and stroke that results from diabetes. It was also found that the participants have a positive attitude (72.65%) that was not reflected in their practices (Singh, Khobragade, Anil, 2013). Another study done in Bijapur, Karnataka revealed the same results as the above where the positive attitude was about 60-90% among the participants and it was also found that 59.9% had poor knowledge and 24.8% had good knowledge about diabe tes. Further the study focused on the practices of the respondents where they took extra care in case they were injured and 40.7% were exercised regularly (Raj Angadi, 2011). A study that was conducted among 238 diabetes patients in Saurashtra region, Gujarat, Shah, Kamdar and Shah (2009) found despite being diagnosed with diabetes for eight years only 46% of them knew the pathophysiology of diabetes. The three main findings of the study revealed that low education about diabetes among the participants were because 40% of the participants belonged to the below poverty line, because of which they could not afford therapy or a minimum standard care. The second reason for having low knowledge was only 3% of the participants were being treated by an endocrinologist, the reason being Gujarat having very less number of endocrinologists with not even one in the Government hospital making it difficult for the poor to afford the private institutions. Third and the most important factor was the low level of education where only 10% of them were graduates and 37% of the participants were completely literate. The study also shows the attitude towards diabetes among t he participants where it was found that the participants believed that they are completely responsible for their own health indicating that if motivated and given education about diabetes they would make necessary changes in their lifestyle. A Cross-sectional study that used the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) questionnaire among the out patients in Nepal revealed that the knowledge, attitude and practice level of the participants were low (Gul, 2010; Upadhyay, Palaian, Shankar, Mishra, Pokhara, 2008). Supporting this study another recent study involving young (31-40 years) diabetic Saudi women also reported poor KAP scores (Saadia, Rushdi, Alsheha, Saeed, Rajab, 2010). Another study done in Malaysia reported that diabetic patients in a primary care centre had good knowledge and better attitude towards the care of their own disease (Ranjini, Subashini, Ling HM, 2003). Some research articles revealed that diabetic patients possess adequate knowledge and have positive attitude towards their condition and that there is no relation between the KAP and actual control of Diabetes Mellitus (Ng, Chan, Lian, Chuah, Noora, 2012). A study that was conducted by Kheir, Greer, Yousif, Geed and Okkah (2011) evaluated the knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) and psychological status of adult Qatari patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to study the role of these factors on the ability of the patients to manage their diabetes and to achieve desirable health outcomes. It was found that there were significant differences in the attitude and knowledge between educational levels. The study concluded that providing education and other support programs to diabetics could be more effective if the KAP of the patients are understood before conducting such programs. A study which was done in United Arab Emirates to find out the KAP in diabetic patients revealed poor knowledge among the participants. It was found that the majority of patients (72%) had a negative attitude towards having diabetes. However, only 6% expressed a ‘negative attitude’ towards the importance of DM care. The results also showed marginally significant associations between the practice score and level of education, marital status, mode of diagnosis, duration of disease, insulin use and frequency of seeing diabetes educator (Al-Maskari El-Sadig, Al-Kaabi, Afandi, Nagelkerke, Yeatts, 2013). Another research indicated that although the knowledge levels(56.14% of the respondents scored 100% in knowledge related questions) among our study participants are high, the levels of attitudes (17.5% scored above 50%) and practice (15.78% scored 100%) are lower than desirable (Saadia, Rushdi, Alsheha, Saeed, Rajab, 2010). Predictors of Alternative Approaches Various predictors have been found to play a role in an individuals behaviour to engage in alternative approaches. The studies below throws light on the recent research that has been done in this area. The demographic factor was not found to be a significant predictor of CAM usage which included age ( Nilsson, Trehn, Asplund, 2001; Singh, Raidoo, Harries, 2004). A study conducted by Mehrotra, Bajaj and Kumar (2004) shows that age was not significantly associated (p>0.1) with usage of complementary and alternative medicine. Whereas, on the contrary age was related to the usage of alternative approaches (Chang, Wallis, Tiralongo, 2007; Ogbera, Dada, Adeleye, Jewo, 2010). Adding to this, research conducted by Hasan, Ahmed, Bukhari and Loon (2009) indicated that variables such as age groups (above 50 years ), those in the 25-44 year age group (Metcalfe, Williams, Mc Chesney, Patten, Jettà ©, 2010), middle age (Bishop, Lewith, 2010; Ernst, 2000; Pirotta, Cohen, Kotsirilos, Farish, 2000) that is 46–60 years (Lee, Charn, Chew, Ng, 2004) contributed to the usage of complementary and alternative medicines. Findings from the 2007 National Health Interview Survey women reveal that middle age men reported to use complementary and alternative medicine more than younger or older individuals. Higher levels of education were associated with higher rates of use. Prevalence rates of use for each type of complementary and alternative medicine significantly increased with an individual’s income (Upchurch, Rainisch, 2013). According to Singh et al. (2004) level of education and income (Mehrotra et al., 2004) were shown not to influence the usage of Complementary and alternative medicine on the other hand in contrast to their findings education level (Bishop, Lewith, 2010; Ernst, 2000; Foltz et al., 2005; Harris, Rees, 2000; Hasan, Ahmed, Bukhari, Loon, 2009; McFarland, Bigelow, Zani, Newsom, Kaplan, 2002; Metcalfe et al., 2010; Millar, 2001; Nilsson et al., 2001; Ogbera et al., 2010; Park, 2005; Wiles, Rosenberg, 2001) and Income (Foltz et al., 2005; Hasan et al., 2009; MacLennan, Myers, Taylor, 2006; Metcalfe et al., 2010; Park, 2005., Singh et al., 2004, Thomas, Nicholl, Coleman, 2001; Wiles, Rosenberg, 2001) was found to influence the CAM usage. Research evidence also reveals that sex (Singh et al., 2004) predicts the usage of alternative therapies. Women were more likely to have used CAM services than men (Aziz, Tey, 2008; Bishop, Lewith, 2010; Ernst, 2000; Lim, Sadarangani, Chan, Heng, 2005; McFarland et al., 2002; Metcalfe et al., 2010; Millar et al., 2001; Nilsson et al., 2001; Park, 2004; Roth, Kobayashi, 2008; Vincent, Eric, Jean, Sui VL, Sian, 2007; Wiles, Rosenberg, 2001). The other predictors that were identified were the marital status (Singh et al., 2004), individuals who were currently not married or in a common law relationship (Metcalfe et al., 2010), medicine use, duration of diabetes, degree of complications and self-monitoring of blood glucose (Chang et al., 2007) and factors relating to an individual’s health status (Bishop, Lewith, 2010). In a health survey which was conducted in England the first independent predictors of 12 month Complementary and alternative medicine use were the presence of anxiety or depression, perceived low levels of social support, having a healthy diet, being female, and income that is above the national average (Hunt et al., 2010). Factors that influence Alternative Approaches People resort to alternative approached due to a number of reasons, it is important from both academic and applied perspectives to understand why such substantial numbers of people use CAM. In a study that was conducted among the Indian community in Chadsworth, South Africa, Singh et al. (2004) found that people chose Alternative medicine/ approaches because it was a natural and safe form of medical care (23.4%), secondly because modern medicine carried a risk of unwanted side effects or they had experienced side effects themselves (15.6%). They also found that more than half (51.9%) of people who use Alternative therapy did so upon advice from someone they knew or because they came across an advertisement in the local press. Similar results were found by Hasan et al. (2009) where friends were the main source of influence (32.5%) on patients with chronic diseases to use Complementary and Alternative Medicine, followed by health professionals (25.9%), family members (20.2%) advertisem ent (15.8%) and old folks or culture beliefs (4.4%). Family history (Hasan et al., 2009; Lee, Charn, Chew, Ng, 2004), poor perceived health, being recommended by social contacts who are close, holding on to strong traditional health beliefs and the perceived satisfaction with care influence the use of alternative methods (Lee et al., 2004) The way an individual perceives the illness/health influences the usage of Complementary and alternative medicine (Bishop et al., 2007; Hasan et al., 2009; Nilsson et al., 2001). People chose different treatment options depending on their perceptions of the kind, duration, cause and severity of their illness and the order in which they resort to these different options is dependent on the perceptions of illness. Perception of oneself in poor health leads to usage of alternative approaches (Bausell, Lee, Berman, 2001; Pirotta et al., 2000). Individual’s perceptions about effectiveness or the outcome of the treatment option and the perceived harm from treatment options also plays an important role in deciding the form of treatment/management (Rao, 2006). The various other reasons why people might be attracted to and use complementary and alternative medicines are because they hold beliefs that are congruent with Complementary and alternative medicine which include beliefs related to the amount of personal control/autonomy over their health (Bishop et al., 2007; Pal, 2002). Hence pro-beliefs about complementary and alternative approaches play a major role in influencing an individual to use them. Ineffectiveness (Menniti-Ippolito, Gargiulo, Bologna, Forcella, Raschetti, 2002; Sirois, 2008), having side-effects or dissatisfaction (Menniti-Ippolito et al., 2002) with allopathic/conventional medicine has led to people looking at other alternatives methods (Pal, 2002; Rao, 2006). It was also found that people value natural treatments/ holistic approaches (Sirois, 2008) which are non-toxic and hold ‘postmodern belief systems’ where the participants believe that psychological and lifestyle factors are important in the developm ent of illness (Bishop et al., 2007). Individuals who are more likely to select healthy lifestyle choices are also likely to engage proactively in other self-care (Sirois, 2008) behaviours which includes the usage of complementary and alternative approaches (Hunt et al., 2010, Nahin et al., 2007).Research evidence also shows that cost plays an important role in determining which different alternatives to choose for treating an illness (Pal, 2002; Rao, 2006). Studies have also focused on how general philosophies of life predict the usage of alternative approaches. Alternative therapies are attractive because they are seen as more compatible with patient’s values, world-view, spiritual/religious philosophy or beliefs regarding the nature and meaning of health and illness (Bishop et al., 2007; Pal, 2002; Weaver, Flannelly, Stone, Dossey, 2002). Further research has suggested that people use alternative approaches because they suffer from chronic conditions (Al-Windi, 2004; Astin, Pelletier, Marie, Haskell, 2000; Bausell et al., 2001; Menniti-Ippolito et al., 2002) which might not have been treated by conventional medicine effectively or satisfactorily or also use them as they experience psychological distress as a result of the life threatening disease and would try anything that would reduce or might offer a cure for such a condition (Bishop, Lewith, 2010; Ernst, 2000; Nilsson et al., 2001) to preserve their own health status (Furnham, Vincent, 2000, Goldstein, 2000). Mehrotra, Bajaj and Kumar (2004) found that out of 493 participants 290 (86.8%) resort to complementary and alternative medicine because they desire for the maximum and early benefit. Several specific chronic disorders such as arthritis (95%) other musculoskeletal disorders (95%) and stroke (95%) were significantly associated with CAM use (Lee et al., 200 4). In a research that was conducted with type 2 diabetes it was found that complementary and alternative medicine use was influenced by peoples beliefs, experience and their positive attitude towards the alternative approach, history of its use, having stronger health beliefs about diabetes, longer duration of diabetes, the outcome of complementary and alternative medicine in treating diabetes. It also associates the use to the persons behaviour (such as a higher degree of self-care activities by the individual) towards disease management rather than their demographic characteristics (Chang, Wallis Tiralongo, 2012). It was also found that diabetic patients used complementary and alternative approaches to improve their general well-being rather than treating diabetes itself (Arcury, 2006; Bell, 2006; Lind, Lafferty, Grembowski, Diehr, 2006). Summary of the review The review of literature highlights the level of knowledge, attitude and practices among diabetic patients indicating the importance of knowledge which affects the individual’s attitude and practices regarding management of their lifestyle and diet. Further the research evidence has also revealed a number of demographic factors that might have an effect in the usage of alternative approaches such as age, education level, socio-economic status (income) and marital status. A large number of reasons were found to influence people to use alternative approaches such as dissatisfaction or ineffectiveness of allopathic medication; friends and family members, advertisements that the individual encounters, individual’s attitude, holistic and cultural beliefs, cause, severity and duration and one’s perception of the illness, the cost of the treatment and having a chronic disease. The studies that have been done so far focus on the knowledge, attitude and practices in relat ion to managing the illness specifically with respect to diet and lifestyle modifications and it also shows the predictors and influencers of usage of complementary and alternative approaches. However, not much of research has been done integrating knowledge, attitude and practices with the usage of alternative approaches in Indian Context. Since India is a diverse country having high cultural diversity it is important to understand the influence it has on the level of knowledge, attitude and practices of the population with respect to the usage of the various other approaches that people indulge in other than allopathic medication so as to understand and provide the country with a culturally acceptable diabetes education programme.

Skin Cancer :: essays research papers

Skin Cancer Cancer is a word used to describe a group of diseases. Each has its own name, its own treatment, and its own chances of being cured. Each is different from the others in many ways, but every cancer, whatever its called or whatever part of the body it is located in, is a disease of the body’s cells. The millions of tiny cells that make up the human body are so small that they can be seen only by looking through a microscope. There are different kinds of cells, but they all make new cells by dividing into two. This is how worn-out, old cells are replaced with strong new ones. When a cell changes and doesn’t do the job it should do for the body, it divides into more cells like itself, then these cells keep dividing into more cells. A group of these cells is a tumor. There are two kinds of tumors. A benign tumor is not cancer. The cells of a benign tumor can crowd out healthy cells, but they cannot spread to other parts of the body. A malignant tumor is cancer. Like a benign tumor, it can take over other healthy cells around it, but it can also spread to other parts of the body. To do this, a cell or group of cells from the tumor breaks away and moves, usually though the blood, to other parts of the body. There they divide and start tumors made of malignant cells like the ones that made up the first tumor. When this happens, it is called metastasis. Skin cancer is the most prevalent of all cancers, and it’s increasingly common. About a million Americans will develop skin cancer this year. It is a disease in which cancer cells are found in the outer layers of skin. Skin protects the body against heat, light, infection, and injury. It also stores water, fat, and vitamin D. The skin has two main layers and several kinds of cells. The top layer of skin is called the epidermis. It contains three kinds of cells: flat, scaly cells on the surface called squamous cells, round cells called basal cells, and cells called melanocytes, which give skin its color. The inner layer of skin is called the dermis. This layer is thicker, and contains blood vessels, nerves, and sweat glands. The hair on skin also grows from tiny pockets in the dermis, called follicles.